强调

？两个新成员国（墨西哥和圣马力诺）在过去24小时内报告了COVID19病例。

？世卫组织已发布《合理使用COVID-19的个人防护设备》。 本文件总结了世卫组织关于在医疗保健和社区环境中适当使用个人保护设备（包括货物处理）的建议。 有关感染预防和控制（IPC）活动的更多信息，请参见关注的主题。

HIGHLIGHTS

？ Two new Member States (Mexico and San Marino) reported cases of COVID19 in the past 24 hours.  

？ WHO has published the Rational use of personal protective equipment for COVID-19. This document summarizes WHO recommendations for the appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in health care and community settings, including the handling of cargo. More information on Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) activities can be found in the Subject in Focus.

数字状况

最近24小时的新病例总数

全球范围

确认85403（1753新）

中国

确认79394（435新）

   2838逝世（47新）

中国以外

6009确认（1318新）

   53个国家（新增2个）

     86死亡（19新）

世卫组织风险评估

中国很高

区域级别很高

全球水平很高

SITUATION IN NUMBERS  

total and new cases in last 24 hours

Globally  

85 403 confirmed (1753 new)

China

79 394 confirmed (435 new)

  2838 deaths (47 new)  

Outside of China

6009 confirmed (1318 new)

  53 countries (2 new)

    86 deaths (19 new)  

WHO RISK ASSESSMENT

China Very High

Regional Level Very High

Global Level   Very High

关注的主题：感染预防和控制的最新进展

感染预防和控制（IPC）是COVID-19预防和缓解措施的主要因素。为确保提供循证的质量指导并迅速响应全球对个人防护设备（PPE）的需求，自疫情爆发以来，世卫组织已召集IPC专家全球专家网络。专家是全球感染预防和控制网络（GIPCN）的成员或照顾COVID-19患者的相关机构的成员。该网络讨论了IPC措施的技术方面，并分享了受影响国家的流行病学更新和经验。在与该全球IPC专家网络协商后，世卫组织发布了三份IPC关键临时指南材料。

IPC活动的更新包括：

？发布指导文件：合理使用COVID-19的个人防护设备。本文件总结了WHO在医疗保健和社区环境中适当使用PPE的建议，包括货物的处理。

？在意大利部署IPC专家，以支持COVID-19响应并促进IPC在欧洲地区的培训。

？制定常见问题解答（FAQ），以回应公众和社区有关血液安全，用于标本采集，清洁和消毒，自我隔离和自我监控的个人防护装备的询问。

？2月25日启动OpenWHO在线课程“ COVID-19的感染预防和控制（IPC）”。截至2月28日，已有15391名用户访问了该课程（见图1）。

SUBJECT IN FOCUS: UPDATE ON INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a major factor in preventive and mitigation measures for COVID-19. To ensure evidence-based quality guidance and prompt response to global demand for personal protective equipment (PPE), WHO has convened the IPC expert global network of specialists from around the world since the beginning of the outbreak. Experts are members of the Global Infection Prevention and Control Network (GIPCN) or members of relevant institutions caring for COVID-19 patients. This network discusses technical aspects of IPC measures, and shares epidemiological updates and experiences across affected countries. In consultation with this global IPC expert network, WHO has released three key IPC interim guidance materials.

Updates on IPC activities include the following:  

？ Publishing the guidance document: Rational use of personal protective equipment for COVID-19. This document summarizes WHO recommendations for the appropriate use of PPE in health care and community settings, including the handling of cargo.  

？ Deployment of IPC specialists to Italy to support the COVID-19 response and to facilitate IPC training in the European region.  

？ Development of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) in response to queries from the public and communities on blood safety, PPE for specimen collection, cleaning & disinfection, self-isolation and self-monitoring.  

？ Launching the OpenWHO online course “Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) for COVID-19” on 25 February. The course has been accessed by 15,391 users as of 28 February (see Figure 1).  

战略目标

世卫组织对此作出反应的战略目标是：

？中断人与人之间的传播，包括减少亲密接触者和医护人员之间的继发感染，防止传播扩大事件以及防止进一步的国际传播*；

？尽早识别，隔离和护理患者，包括为感染患者提供最佳护理；

？查明并减少动物来源的传播；

？解决有关临床严重性，传播和感染程度，治疗选择的关键未知问题，并加快诊断，治疗和疫苗的开发；

？向所有社区传达重要的风险和事件信息，并消除错误信息；

？通过多部门伙伴关系最大程度地减少社会和经济影响。

*这可以通过结合公共卫生措施来实现，例如快速识别，诊断和管理病例，识别和跟踪接触者，在医疗机构中预防和控制感染，为旅行者实施健康措施，提高认识-人口增加和风险沟通。

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

WHO’s strategic objectives for this response are to:

？ Interrupt human-to-human transmission including reducing secondary infections among close contacts and health care workers, preventing transmission amplification events, and preventing further international spread*;  

？ Identify, isolate and care for patients early, including providing optimized care for infected patients;

？ Identify and reduce transmission from the animal source;

？ Address crucial unknowns regarding clinical severity, extent of transmission and infection, treatment options, and accelerate the development of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines;

？ Communicate critical risk and event information to all communities and counter misinformation;

？ Minimize social and economic impact through multisectoral partnerships.

*This can be achieved through a combination of public health measures, such as rapid identification, diagnosis and management of the cases, identification and follow up of the contacts, infection prevention and control in health care settings, implementation of health measures for travelers, awareness-raising in the population and risk communication.

准备和响应

？要查看有关COVID-19的所有技术指导文件，请访问此网页。

？世卫组织正在与国际航空运输协会（IATA）密切合作，并根据国家查询共同制定了一份指导文件，向机务人员和机场工作人员提供建议。该指南可以在IATA网页上找到。

？世卫组织已与报告病例的会员国保持定期和直接联系。世卫组织还向其他国家通报情况，并根据要求提供支持。

？世卫组织制定了实验室诊断的暂行指南，针对新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）爆发，临床管理，卫生保健场所感染的预防和控制，在家庭护理和卫生保健场所使用口罩的建议，怀疑患有新型冠状病毒，风险交流和社区参与的患者的家庭护理，以及新型冠状病毒对人类感染的全球监测（2019-nCoV）。

？世卫组织正在与其研究人员和其他专家网络合作，以协调有关监测，流行病学，建模，诊断，临床护理和治疗以及其他方法的全球工作，以识别，管理疾病并阻止继续传播。世卫组织已为各国发布了临时指南，并定期更新。

？世卫组织正在与全球专家网络和伙伴关系合作，以开展实验室，感染预防和控制，临床管理和数学建模。

？世卫组织已准备了疾病商品一揽子计划，其中包括必要的生物医学设备，药品和用品的清单，以照顾2019-nCoV患者。

？世卫组织提出了减少从动物传播给人类的风险的建议。

？世卫组织已发布有关新型冠状病毒2019-nCoV爆发的国际贩运最新建议。

？世卫组织已经启动了研发蓝图，以加快诊断，疫苗和治疗的速度。

？世卫组织开发了有关以下主题的在线课程：对新兴呼吸道病毒的概述，包括新型冠状病毒（法语，中文，西班牙语和葡萄牙语）；重症监护

严重急性呼吸道感染；和呼吸道疾病健康与安全简报-ePROTECT

（以法语提供）；新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）的感染预防和控制；重症监护严重急性呼吸道感染

？世卫组织正在为早期调查提供指导，这对于在新病毒爆发时及早进行至关重要。从协议中收集的数据可用于完善监测和病例定义的建议，表征COVID-19的主要流行病学传播特征，帮助了解疾病的传播，严重程度，疾病范围，对社区的影响并为以下人群提供操作模型实施对策，例如案例隔离，联系人跟踪和隔离。此处提供了几种协议：https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/early-investigations其中一种协议用于调查早期COVID-19病例和接触者（ “ 2019年新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）感染的首批少数X（FFX）病例和联系调查协议”）。该协议旨在早日了解在任何一个国家中发现的首例COVID-19感染病例的关键临床，流行病学和病毒学特征，以指导制定和更新公共卫生指南以管理病例并减少潜在危害传播和感染的影响。

PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

？ To view all technical guidance documents regarding COVID-19, please go to this webpage.

？ WHO is working closely with International Air Transport Association (IATA) and have jointly developed a guidance document to provide advice to cabin crew and airport workers, based on country queries. The guidance can be found on the IATA webpage.  

？ WHO has been in regular and direct contact with Member States where cases have been reported. WHO is also informing other countries about the situation and providing support as requested.

？ WHO has developed interim guidance for laboratory diagnosis, advice on the use of masks during home care and in health care settings in the context of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, clinical management, infection prevention and control in health care settings, home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus, risk communication and community engagement and Global Surveillance for human infection with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).

？ WHO is working with its networks of researchers and other experts to coordinate global work on surveillance, epidemiology, modelling, diagnostics, clinical care and treatment, and other ways to identify, manage the disease and interrupt onward transmission. WHO has issued interim guidance for countries, which are updated regularly.

？ WHO is working with global expert networks and partnerships for laboratory, infection prevention and control, clinical management and mathematical modelling.

？ WHO has prepared a disease commodity package that includes an essential list of biomedical equipment, medicines and supplies necessary to care for patients with 2019-nCoV.  

？ WHO has provided recommendations to reduce risk of transmission from animals to humans.

？ WHO has published an updated advice for international traffic in relation to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV.

？ WHO has activated the R&D blueprint to accelerate diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics.

？ WHO has developed online courses on the following topics:  A general introduction to emerging respiratory viruses, including novel coronaviruses (available in French, Chinese, Spanish, and Portuguese);  Critical Care of

Severe Acute Respiratory Infections; and Health and safety briefing for respiratory diseases - ePROTECT

(available in French); Infection Prevention and Control for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19); Critical Care Severe Acute Respiratory Infection

？ WHO is providing guidance on early investigations, which are critical to carry out early in an outbreak of a new virus. The data collected from the protocols can be used to refine recommendations for surveillance and case definitions, to characterize the key epidemiological transmission features of COVID-19, help understand spread, severity, spectrum of disease, impact on the community and to inform operational models for implementation of countermeasures such as case isolation, contact tracing and isolation. Several protocols are available here: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/early-investigations  One such protocol is for the investigation of early COVID-19 cases and contacts (the “First Few X (FFX) Cases and contact investigation protocol for 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection”). The protocol is designed to gain an early understanding of the key clinical, epidemiological and virological characteristics of the first cases of COVID-19 infection detected in any individual country, to inform the development and updating of public health guidance to manage cases and reduce the potential spread and impact of infection.

对公众的建议和建议

如果您不在COVID-19传播的区域，或者没有从COVID-19传播的区域旅行，或者未与受感染的患者接触，则感染的风险较低。您可能会对爆发感到焦虑，这是可以理解的。最好从可靠的来源中获取事实，以帮助您准确地确定风险，以便采取合理的预防措施（请参阅常见问题）。向WHO，您的医疗保健提供者，您的国家公共卫生当局或您的雇主寻求指导，以获取有关COVID-19以及COVID-19是否在您居住的地方流通的准确信息。重要的是要了解情况并采取适当措施保护自己和家人（请参阅针对所有人的保护措施）。

如果您所在的地区有COVID-19病例，则需要认真对待感染的风险。遵循世界卫生组织的建议以及国家和地方卫生当局发布的指导。对于大多数人来说，COVID-19感染会导致轻度疾病，但是它可能使某些人病重，甚至在某些人中可能致命。老年人和患有先前疾病（例如心血管疾病，慢性呼吸道疾病或糖尿病）的人有患严重疾病的风险（请参阅针对在或最近（过去14天）到COVID区域的人的保护措施-19正在传播）。

RECOMMENDATIONS AND ADVICE FOR THE PUBLIC

If you are not in an area where COVID-19 is spreading, or have not travelled from an area where COVID-19 is spreading, or have not been in contact with an infected patient, your risk of infection is low. It is understandable that you may feel anxious about the outbreak. It’s a good idea to get the facts from reliable sources to help you accurately determine your risks so that you can take reasonable precautions (See Frequently Asked Questions). Seek guidance from WHO, your healthcare provider, your national public health authority or your employer for accurate information on COVID-19 and whether COVID-19 is circulating where you live. It is important to be informed of the situation and take appropriate measures to protect yourself and your family (see Protection measures for everyone).

If you are in an area where there are cases of COVID-19 you need to take the risk of infection seriously. Follow the advice of WHO and guidance issued by national and local health authorities. For most people, COVID-19 infection will cause mild illness however, it can make some people very ill and in some people,  it can be fatal. Older people, and those with pre-existing medical conditions (such as cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease or diabetes) are at risk for severe disease (See Protection measures for persons who are in or have recently visited (past 14 days) areas where COVID-19 is spreading).

图1. 2020年2月29日报告了确诊COVID-19病例的国家，地区或地区

图1：截至2月27日，访问在线课程的前10个国家：“ COVID19的感染预防和控制（IPC）”。 资料来源：openWHO.org

图2.按报告日期和WHO地区以及截至2020年2月28日的完整报告天数，在中国境外报告的确诊COVID-19病例（n = 5173）的流行曲线

表1.中国各省，地区和城市报告的确诊和疑似COVID-19急性呼吸道疾病病例，截至2020年2月29日的数据

表2.报告了实验室确认的COVID-19病例和死亡的中国以外的国家，地区或地区。 截至2020年2月29日的数据

Figure 1. Countries, territories or areas with reported confirmed cases of COVID-19, 29 February 2020   

Figure 1: The top 10 countries that have accessed the online course: “Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) for COVID19” as of 27 February. Source: openWHO.org  

Figure 2. Epidemic curve of confirmed COVID-19 cases (n=5173) reported outside of China, by date of report and WHO region with complete days of reporting through 28 February 2020  

Table 1. Confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19 acute respiratory disease reported by provinces, regions and cities in China, Data as of 29 February 2020

Table 2. Countries, territories or areas outside China with reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths. Data as of 29 February 2020