强调
六个新成员国(亚美尼亚,捷克共和国,多米尼加共和国,卢森堡,冰岛和印度尼西亚)在过去24小时内报告了COVID-19的病例。
世卫组织专家小组已抵达伊朗德黑兰,以支持COVID-19的应对。目的是确定传播动态和高风险人群,并提供技术指导。可以在此处找到更多信息。
遏制仍然是所有国家的头等大事。但是,全球范围内对COVID-19的管理不是万能的方法,必须针对一个国家面临的传播情况进行调整。世卫组织总干事指出,尽早采取有力措施是挽救生命和制止传播的关键。更多信息可以在这里找到。
世卫组织的运营供应和后勤团队正在众多领域开展工作,以支持COVID-19响应。活动包括建立供应链协调小组,并向G20成员提供有关个人防护设备(PPE)市场状况的技术简报。有关更多信息,请参见聚焦主题。
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HIGHLIGHTS
Six new Member States (Armenia, Czechia, Dominican Republic, Luxembourg, Iceland, and Indonesia) reported cases of COVID-19 in the past 24 hours.
A team of WHO experts has arrived in Tehran, Iran to support the COVID-19 response. The objectives are to identify transmission dynamics and at-risk populations, and provide technical guidance. Further information can be found here.
Containment remains the top priority for all countries. Management for COVID-19 globally, however, is not a one-size-fits-all approach and must be tailored to the transmission scenario a country faces. Early robust measures are key to saving lives and halting transmission, notes the WHO DirectorGeneral. More information can be found here.
WHO’s Operations Supply and Logistics team are working across numerous areas to support the COVID-19 response. Activities include working to establish a Supply Chain Coordination Cell and providing a technical briefing for G20 members on the personal protective equipment (PPE) market situation. More information can be found in the Subject in Focus.
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主题:业务供应和物流的最新动态
世卫组织业务供应和后勤(OSL)团队继续在众多领域开展工作,以支持在日益紧张的市场中开展紧急行动,以应对COVID-19应对行动至关重要的物资。
OSL最近的活动如下:
世卫组织与联合国世界粮食计划署(WFP),联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)和世界银行一起,正在研究建立供应链协调小组的建议。这个机构间团队将帮助改善信息管理和协调,以支持战略指导,运营决策和整体监控。
世卫组织已与全球卫生安全举措联系,以解决获取战略性国家库存的问题。世卫组织还与盖茨基金会,克林顿医疗卫生行动计划(CHAI),世界银行和联合国儿童基金会合作,将其作为供应链协调小组的一部分,并建立过渡性筹资机制,数据访问和分析,以支持规划,预测和规划。市场准入。
大流行性供应链合作伙伴网络(PSCN)每周举行一次会议,并与制造商和分销商进行双边讨论,以倡导为卫生保健应对措施分发和确定优先次序。计划下周向G20成员提供有关个人防护设备(PPE)市场情况的技术简报,PSCN成员将与WFP合作,为货物处理制定感染预防和控制(IPC)技术指南。
与迪拜国际人道主义城市合作,并与阿拉伯联合酋长国政府提供的飞机合作,世卫组织组织了一次从迪拜飞往伊朗的飞行,以支持首次提供紧急个人防护装备和实验室测试。
自2月14日以来,WHO已将PPE运送到47个以上的国家,目前还有22个其他国家准备将PPE运送到这些国家。世卫组织还向93个国家运送了实验室测试设备。
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SUBJECT IN FOCUS: UPDATE ON OPERATIONS SUPPLY AND LOGISTICS
The WHO Operations Supply and Logistics (OSL) team continues to work across numerous areas to support emergency operations within a tightening market for supplies essential for the COVID-19 response.
Recent OSL activities are as follows:
Together with the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the World Bank, WHO is working on a proposal to establish a Supply Chain Coordination Cell. This interagency team will help improve information management and coordination to support strategic guidance, operational decision-making, and overall monitoring.
WHO has contacted the Global Health Security Initiative to address access to strategic national stockpiles. WHO is also engaging with the Gates Foundation, the Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), the World Bank and UNICEF, both as part of the Supply Chain Coordination Cell and to establish bridge financing mechanisms, data access and analysis to support planning, forecasting and market access.
Weekly meetings of the Pandemic Supply Chain Partnership Network (PSCN) continue, along with bilateral discussions with manufacturers and distributors to advocate for the release and prioritization of supplies for the health care response. A technical briefing on the personal protective equipment (PPE) market situation is planned for G20 members next week, and PSCN members will engage with WFP to develop infection prevention and control (IPC) technical guidance on cargo handling.
In cooperation with the International Humanitarian City in Dubai and with aircraft provided by the government of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), WHO has organized a flight from Dubai to Iran to support the first delivery of emergency PPE and laboratory tests.
Since February 14, WHO has shipped PPE to more than 47 countries, and there are currently 22 additional countries to which PPE shipments are ready to be made. WHO has also shipped laboratory testing equipment to 93 countries.
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战略目标
世卫组织对此作出反应的战略目标是:
中断人与人之间的传播,包括减少亲密接触者和医护人员之间的继发感染,防止传播扩大事件以及防止进一步的国际传播*;
尽早识别,隔离和护理患者,包括为感染患者提供最佳护理;
查明并减少动物来源的传播;
解决有关临床严重性,传播和感染程度,治疗方案的关键未知问题,并加快诊断,治疗和疫苗的开发;
向所有社区传达重要的风险和事件信息,并消除错误信息;
通过多部门伙伴关系最大程度地减少社会和经济影响。
*这可以通过结合公共卫生措施来实现,例如快速识别,诊断和管理病例,识别和跟踪接触者,在医疗机构中预防和控制感染,为旅行者实施健康措施,提高认识-人口增加和风险沟通。
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STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
WHO’s strategic objectives for this response are to:
Interrupt human-to-human transmission including reducing secondary infections among close contacts and health care workers, preventing transmission amplification events, and preventing further international spread*;
Identify, isolate and care for patients early, including providing optimized care for infected patients;
Identify and reduce transmission from the animal source;
Address crucial unknowns regarding clinical severity, extent of transmission and infection, treatment options, and accelerate the development of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines;
Communicate critical risk and event information to all communities and counter misinformation;
Minimize social and economic impact through multisectoral partnerships.
*This can be achieved through a combination of public health measures, such as rapid identification, diagnosis and management of the cases, identification and follow up of the contacts, infection prevention and control in health care settings, implementation of health measures for travelers, awareness-raising in the population and risk communication.
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准备和响应
要查看有关COVID-19的所有技术指导文件,请访问此网页。
世卫组织正在与国际航空运输协会(IATA)密切合作,并根据国家查询共同制定了一份指导文件,向机务人员和机场工作人员提供建议。该指南可以在IATA网页上找到。
世卫组织已与报告病例的会员国保持定期和直接联系。世卫组织还向其他国家通报情况,并根据要求提供支持。
世卫组织制定了实验室诊断的暂行指南,针对新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)爆发,临床管理,卫生保健场所感染的预防和控制,在家庭护理和卫生保健场所使用口罩的建议,怀疑患有新型冠状病毒,风险交流和社区参与的患者的家庭护理,以及新型冠状病毒对人类感染的全球监测(2019-nCoV)。
世卫组织正在与其研究人员和其他专家网络合作,以协调有关监测,流行病学,数学建模,诊断和病毒学,临床护理和治疗,感染预防和控制以及风险通报的全球工作。世卫组织已为各国发布了临时指南,并定期更新。
世卫组织准备了疾病商品包装,其中包括照顾2019-nCoV患者所需的生物医学设备,药品和用品的基本清单。
世卫组织提出了减少从动物传播给人类的风险的建议。
世卫组织已发布有关新型冠状病毒2019-nCoV爆发的国际贩运最新建议。
世卫组织已经启动了研发蓝图,以加快诊断,疫苗和治疗的速度。
世卫组织开发了以下主题的在线课程:对新兴呼吸道病毒的概述,包括新型冠状病毒(法语,中文,西班牙语和葡萄牙语);重症急性呼吸道感染的重症监护;和呼吸道疾病健康与安全简报-ePROTECT
(以法语提供);新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)的感染预防和控制;重症监护严重急性呼吸道感染
世卫组织正在为早期调查提供指导,这对于爆发新病毒至关重要。从协议中收集的数据可用于完善监测和病例定义的建议,表征COVID-19的主要流行病学传播特征,帮助了解疾病的传播,严重程度,疾病范围,对社区的影响并为以下人群提供操作模型实施对策,例如案例隔离,联系人跟踪和隔离。此处提供了几种协议:https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/early-investigations其中一种协议用于调查早期COVID-19病例和接触者( “ 2019年新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染的首批少数X(FFX)病例和联系调查协议”)。该协议旨在早日了解在任何一个国家中发现的首例COVID-19感染病例的关键临床,流行病学和病毒学特征,以指导制定和更新公共卫生指南以管理病例并减少潜在危害传播和感染的影响。
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PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
To view all technical guidance documents regarding COVID-19, please go to this webpage.
WHO is working closely with International Air Transport Association (IATA) and have jointly developed a guidance document to provide advice to cabin crew and airport workers, based on country queries. The guidance can be found on the IATA webpage.
WHO has been in regular and direct contact with Member States where cases have been reported. WHO is also informing other countries about the situation and providing support as requested.
WHO has developed interim guidance for laboratory diagnosis, advice on the use of masks during home care and in health care settings in the context of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, clinical management, infection prevention and control in health care settings, home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus, risk communication and community engagement and Global Surveillance for human infection with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
WHO is working with its networks of researchers and other experts to coordinate global work on surveillance, epidemiology, mathematical modelling, diagnostics and virology, clinical care and treatment, infection prevention and control, and risk communication. WHO has issued interim guidance for countries, which are updated regularly.
WHO has prepared a disease commodity package that includes an essential list of biomedical equipment, medicines and supplies necessary to care for patients with 2019-nCoV.
WHO has provided recommendations to reduce risk of transmission from animals to humans.
WHO has published an updated advice for international traffic in relation to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV.
WHO has activated the R&D blueprint to accelerate diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics.
WHO has developed online courses on the following topics: A general introduction to emerging respiratory viruses, including novel coronaviruses (available in French, Chinese, Spanish, and Portuguese); Critical Care of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections; and Health and safety briefing for respiratory diseases - ePROTECT
(available in French); Infection Prevention and Control for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19); Critical Care Severe Acute Respiratory Infection
WHO is providing guidance on early investigations, which are critical in an outbreak of a new virus. The data collected from the protocols can be used to refine recommendations for surveillance and case definitions, to characterize the key epidemiological transmission features of COVID-19, help understand spread, severity, spectrum of disease, impact on the community and to inform operational models for implementation of countermeasures such as case isolation, contact tracing and isolation. Several protocols are available here: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/early-investigations One such protocol is for the investigation of early COVID-19 cases and contacts (the “First Few X (FFX) Cases and contact investigation protocol for 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection”). The protocol is designed to gain an early understanding of the key clinical, epidemiological and virological characteristics of the first cases of COVID-19 infection detected in any individual country, to inform the development and updating of public health guidance to manage cases and reduce the potential spread and impact of infection.
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对公众的建议和建议
如果您不在COVID-19扩散的区域,或者没有从COVID-19扩散的区域旅行,或者未与受感染的患者接触,则感染的风险较低。您可能会对爆发感到焦虑,这是可以理解的。从可靠来源获取事实,以帮助您准确确定风险,以便采取合理的预防措施(请参阅常见问题)。向WHO,您的医疗保健提供者,您的国家公共卫生机构或您的雇主寻求指导,以获取有关COVID-19以及COVID-19是否在您居住的地方流通的准确信息。重要的是要了解情况并采取适当措施保护自己和家人(请参阅针对所有人的保护措施)。
如果您所在的地区有COVID-19病例,则需要认真对待感染的风险。遵循世界卫生组织的建议以及国家和地方卫生当局发布的指导。对于大多数人来说,COVID-19感染会引起轻度疾病,但它可能使某些人病重,甚至在某些人中可能致命。老年人和患有先前疾病(例如心血管疾病,慢性呼吸道疾病或糖尿病)的人有患严重疾病的风险(请参阅针对在或最近(过去14天)到COVID区域的人的保护措施-19正在传播)。
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RECOMMENDATIONS AND ADVICE FOR THE PUBLIC
If you are not in an area where COVID-19 is spreading, or have not travelled from an area where COVID-19 is spreading, or have not been in contact with an infected patient, your risk of infection is low. It is understandable that you may feel anxious about the outbreak. Get the facts from reliable sources to help you accurately determine your risks so that you can take reasonable precautions (See Frequently Asked Questions). Seek guidance from WHO, your healthcare provider, your national public health authority or your employer for accurate information on COVID-19 and whether COVID-19 is circulating where you live. It is important to be informed of the situation and take appropriate measures to protect yourself and your family (see Protection measures for everyone).
If you are in an area where there are cases of COVID-19 you need to take the risk of infection seriously. Follow the advice of WHO and guidance issued by national and local health authorities. For most people, COVID-19 infection will cause mild illness however, it can make some people very ill and, in some people, it can be fatal. Older people, and those with pre-existing medical conditions (such as cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease or diabetes) are at risk for severe disease (See Protection measures for persons who are in or have recently visited (past 14 days) areas where COVID-19 is spreading).
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图1. 2020年3月2日报告了确诊COVID-19病例的国家,地区或地区
图2.按报告日期和WHO地区划分的在中国境外报告的确诊COVID-19病例的流行曲线,完整报告日至2020年3月1日
表1.中国各省,地区和城市报告的确诊和疑似COVID-19急性呼吸道疾病病例,数据截至2020年3月2日
表2.报告了实验室确认的COVID-19病例和死亡的中国以外的国家,地区或地区。 截至2020年3月2日的数据
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Figure 1. Countries, territories or areas with reported confirmed cases of COVID-19, 02 March 2020
Figure 2. Epidemic curve of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported outside of China, by date of report and WHO region with complete days of reporting through 01 March 2020
Table 1. Confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19 acute respiratory disease reported by provinces, regions and cities in China, Data as 02 March 2020
Table 2. Countries, territories or areas outside China with reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths. Data as of 02 March 2020
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