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强调
？5个新的国家/地区（文莱达鲁萨兰国，蒙古，塞浦路斯，根西岛和巴拿马）在过去24小时内报告了COVID-19病例。
？截至2020年3月9日，共有45个缔约国向世卫组织通报了它们针对COVID-19实施的其他卫生措施，并为这些措施提供了公共卫生依据。 世卫组织重申，在这种暴发期间限制人员流动的措施应与公共卫生风险相称，持续时间短，并应随着有关病毒，疾病流行病学和临床特征的更多信息而定期审查。 有关更多信息，请参见“关注焦点”。
？世卫组织总干事在3月9日的例行新闻发布会上说，大流行的威胁已成为现实。 但是，这将是历史上第一个可以控制的大流行病。 有关详细信息，请参见此处。
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HIGHLIGHTS
？ 5 new countries/territories/areas (Brunei Darussalam, Mongolia, Cyprus, Guernsey and Panama) have reported cases of COVID-19 in the past 24 hours.
？ As of 9 March 2020, a total of 45 States Parties informed WHO of additional health measures they implemented in relation to COVID-19 and provided the public health rationale for these measures. WHO reiterates that measures that restrict the movement of people during this outbreak should be proportionate to the public health risk, short in duration and reviewed regularly as more information about the virus, the disease epidemiology and clinical characteristics becomes available. For more information, please see ‘subject in focus’.
？ WHO Director- General in his regular media briefing on 9 March stated that the threat of a pandemic has become very real; however, this would be the first pandemic in history that could be controlled. For details, please see here.
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主题：旅行措施
截至2020年3月9日，共有45个缔约国向世卫组织通报了它们针对COVID-19实施的其他卫生措施，并为这些措施提供了公共卫生依据。许多缔约国是对中国以外的国家实施其他卫生措施。世卫组织每周通过活动信息网站安全平台与缔约国分享该信息。此外，世卫组织总干事于2月6日至17日通过2封通函向缔约国通报了措施和公共卫生理由。
随着病毒转移到其他国家，目前正在针对中国以外的国家采取措施（图1）。实施此类措施的主要原因仍然是易感性，国家能力有限以及病毒流行病学的性质（图2）。
世卫组织还监视其他信息来源：IATA，SOS国际和国家的官方网站。诸如飞行暂停之类的措施通常是由不受《国际卫生条例（2005）》约束的行业实施的；此类措施通常是出于经济考虑，例如需求减少或对机组人员的关注而进行的；初步分析表明，在某些国家，旅行措施可能推迟了新病例的输入，而在其他国家，“限制”并未阻止新病例的输入。
世卫组织重申，在这种暴发期间限制人员流动的措施应与公共卫生风险相称，持续时间短，并应随着有关病毒，疾病流行病学和临床特征的更多信息而定期审查。另见2020年2月29日发布的世卫组织关于国际交通的最新建议。
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SUBJECT IN FOCUS: Travel measures
As of 9 March 2020, a total of 45 States Parties informed WHO of additional health measures they implemented in relation to COVID-19 and provided the public health rationale for these measures. Many States Parties are implementing additional health measures against countries other than China. WHO has shares this information with States Parties through the Event Information Site secure platform on a weekly basis. In addition, WHO DirectorGeneral informed States Parties of the measures and public health rationale provided through 2 Circular Letters – on 6 and 17 February.
As virus transmission shifts to other countries, measures are currently being implemented against countries other than China (figure 1). The main reasons given for implementing such measures continue to be perceived vulnerabilities/ limited country capacity and the nature of the virus epidemiology (figure 2).
WHO also monitors other sources of information: IATA , SOS international and countries’ official websites. Measures such as flight suspensions are often implemented by industries, which are not bound by the IHR (2005; and such measures are often driven by economic considerations, such as reduced demand, or concerns for crew staff . Preliminary analysis shows that in some countries such travel measures may have delayed the importation of new cases, while in other countries the “restrictions” did not stop the importation of new case.
WHO reiterates that measures that restrict the movement of people during this outbreak should be proportionate to the public health risk, short in duration and reviewed regularly as more information about the virus, the disease epidemiology and clinical characteristics becomes available. See also updated WHO recommendations on international traffic, published on 29 February 2020 .
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战略目标
世卫组织对此作出反应的战略目标是：
？中断人与人之间的传播，包括减少亲密接触者和医护人员之间的继发感染，防止传播扩大事件以及防止进一步的国际传播*；
？尽早识别，隔离和护理患者，包括为感染患者提供最佳护理；
？查明并减少动物来源的传播；
？解决有关临床严重性，传播和感染程度，治疗选择的关键未知问题，并加快诊断，治疗和疫苗的开发；
？向所有社区传达重要的风险和事件信息，并消除错误信息；
？通过多部门伙伴关系最大程度地减少社会和经济影响。
*这可以通过结合公共卫生措施来实现，例如快速识别，诊断和管理病例，识别和跟踪联系人，在医疗机构中预防和控制感染，为旅行者实施健康措施，提高认识-人口增加和风险沟通。
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STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
WHO’s strategic objectives for this response are to:
？ Interrupt human-to-human transmission including reducing secondary infections among close contacts and health care workers, preventing transmission amplification events, and preventing further international spread*;
？ Identify, isolate and care for patients early, including providing optimized care for infected patients;
？ Identify and reduce transmission from the animal source;
？ Address crucial unknowns regarding clinical severity, extent of transmission and infection, treatment options, and accelerate the development of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines;
？ Communicate critical risk and event information to all communities and counter misinformation;
？ Minimize social and economic impact through multisectoral partnerships.
*This can be achieved through a combination of public health measures, such as rapid identification, diagnosis and management of the cases, identification and follow up of the contacts, infection prevention and control in health care settings, implementation of health measures for travelers, awareness-raising in the population and risk communication.
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准备和响应
？要查看有关COVID-19的所有技术指导文件，请访问此网页。
？世卫组织正在与国际航空运输协会（IATA）密切合作，并根据国家查询共同制定了一份指导文件，向机务人员和机场工作人员提供建议。该指南可以在IATA网页上找到。
？世卫组织已与报告病例的会员国保持定期和直接联系。世卫组织还向其他国家通报情况，并根据要求提供支持。
？？世卫组织针对新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）爆发，制定了实验室诊断临时指南、在家庭护理和医疗环境中使用口罩的建议、临床管理、医疗环境中的感染预防和控制、疑似新型冠状病毒患者的家庭护理、新型冠状病毒感染的风险沟通、社区参与和全球监测（2019-nCoV）。
？世卫组织正在与其研究人员和其他专家网络合作，以协调有关监测，流行病学，数学建模，诊断和病毒学，临床护理和治疗，感染预防和控制以及风险通报的全球工作。世卫组织已为各国发布了临时指南，并定期更新。
？世卫组织准备了疾病商品包，其中包括照顾2019-nCoV患者所需的生物医学设备，药品和用品的基本清单。
？世卫组织提出了减少从动物传播给人类的风险的建议。
？世卫组织已发布与新型冠状病毒2019-nCoV爆发有关的最新国际交通建议。
？世卫组织已经启动了研发蓝图，以加快诊断，疫苗和治疗的速度。
？世卫组织开发了有关以下主题的在线课程：对新兴呼吸道病毒的概述，包括新型冠状病毒（阿拉伯语，英语，法语，中文，西班牙语，葡萄牙语和俄语）；重症急性呼吸道感染的重症监护；以及呼吸系统疾病的健康和安全简介-ePROTECT（提供英语和法语）；新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）的感染预防和控制（提供英语和俄语）；重症监护严重急性呼吸道感染（提供英语和法语）；以及COVID-19运作计划指南和COVID-19合作伙伴平台，以支持国家的准备和响应。
？世卫组织正在为早期调查提供指导，这对于爆发新病毒至关重要。从协议中收集的数据可用于完善监测和病例定义的建议，表征COVID-19的主要流行病学传播特征，帮助了解疾病的传播，严重程度，疾病范围，对社区的影响并为以下人群提供操作模型实施对策，例如案例隔离，联系人跟踪和隔离。此处提供了几种协议：https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/early-investigations其中一种协议用于调查早期COVID-19病例和接触者（ “ 2019新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）感染的首批少数X（FFX）病例和联系调查协议”）。该协议旨在早日了解在任何一个国家中发现的首例COVID-19感染病例的关键临床，流行病学和病毒学特征，以指导制定和更新公共卫生指南以管理病例并减少潜在危害传播和感染的影响。
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PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
？ To view all technical guidance documents regarding COVID-19, please go to this webpage.
？ WHO is working closely with International Air Transport Association (IATA) and have jointly developed a guidance document to provide advice to cabin crew and airport workers, based on country queries. The guidance can be found on the IATA webpage.
？ WHO has been in regular and direct contact with Member States where cases have been reported. WHO is also informing other countries about the situation and providing support as requested.
？ WHO has developed interim guidance for laboratory diagnosis, advice on the use of masks during home care and in health care settings in the context of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, clinical management, infection prevention and control in health care settings, home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus, risk communication and community engagement and Global Surveillance for human infection with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
？ WHO is working with its networks of researchers and other experts to coordinate global work on surveillance, epidemiology, mathematical modelling, diagnostics and virology, clinical care and treatment, infection prevention and control, and risk communication. WHO has issued interim guidance for countries, which are updated regularly.
？ WHO has prepared a disease commodity package that includes an essential list of biomedical equipment, medicines and supplies necessary to care for patients with 2019-nCoV.
？ WHO has provided recommendations to reduce risk of transmission from animals to humans.
？ WHO has published an updated advice for international traffic in relation to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV.
？ WHO has activated the R&D blueprint to accelerate diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics.
？ WHO has developed online courses on the following topics: A general introduction to emerging respiratory viruses, including novel coronaviruses (available in Arabic, English, French, Chinese, Spanish, Portuguese, and Russian); Critical Care of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections; and Health and safety briefing for respiratory diseases - ePROTECT (available in English and French); Infection Prevention and Control for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) (available in English and Russian); Critical Care Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (available in English and French); and COVID-19 Operational Planning Guidelines and COVID-19 Partners Platform to support country preparedness and response.
？ WHO is providing guidance on early investigations, which are critical in an outbreak of a new virus. The data collected from the protocols can be used to refine recommendations for surveillance and case definitions, to characterize the key epidemiological transmission features of COVID-19, help understand spread, severity, spectrum of disease, impact on the community and to inform operational models for implementation of countermeasures such as case isolation, contact tracing and isolation. Several protocols are available here: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/early-investigations One such protocol is for the investigation of early COVID-19 cases and contacts (the “First Few X (FFX) Cases and contact investigation protocol for 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection”). The protocol is designed to gain an early understanding of the key clinical, epidemiological and virological characteristics of the first cases of COVID-19 infection detected in any individual country, to inform the development and updating of public health guidance to manage cases and reduce the potential spread and impact of infection.
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对公众的建议
如果您不在COVID-19扩散的区域，或者没有从COVID-19扩散的区域旅行，或者未与受感染的患者接触，则感染的风险较低。您可能会对爆发感到焦虑，这是可以理解的。从可靠来源获取事实，以帮助您准确确定风险，以便采取合理的预防措施（请参阅常见问题）。向WHO，您的医疗保健提供者，您的国家公共卫生机构或您的雇主寻求指导，以获取有关COVID-19以及COVID-19是否在您居住的地方流通的准确信息。重要的是要了解情况并采取适当措施保护自己和家人（请参阅针对所有人的保护措施）。
如果您所在的地区有COVID-19病例，则需要认真对待感染的风险。遵循世界卫生组织的建议以及国家和地方卫生当局发布的指导。对于大多数人来说，COVID-19感染会引起轻度疾病，但它可能使某些人病重，甚至在某些人中可能致命。老年人和患有先前疾病（例如心血管疾病，慢性呼吸道疾病或糖尿病）的人有患严重疾病的风险（请参阅针对在或最近（过去14天）到COVID区域的人的保护措施-19正在传播）。
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RECOMMENDATIONS AND ADVICE FOR THE PUBLIC
If you are not in an area where COVID-19 is spreading, or have not travelled from an area where COVID-19 is spreading, or have not been in contact with an infected patient, your risk of infection is low. It is understandable that you may feel anxious about the outbreak. Get the facts from reliable sources to help you accurately determine your risks so that you can take reasonable precautions (See Frequently Asked Questions). Seek guidance from WHO, your healthcare provider, your national public health authority or your employer for accurate information on COVID-19 and whether COVID-19 is circulating where you live. It is important to be informed of the situation and take appropriate measures to protect yourself and your family (see Protection measures for everyone).
If you are in an area where there are cases of COVID-19 you need to take the risk of infection seriously. Follow the advice of WHO and guidance issued by national and local health authorities. For most people, COVID-19 infection will cause mild illness however, it can make some people very ill and, in some people, it can be fatal. Older people, and those with pre-existing medical conditions (such as cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease or diabetes) are at risk for severe disease (See Protection measures for persons who are in or have recently visited (past 14 days) areas where COVID-19 is spreading).
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病例定义
世卫组织定期更新《全球冠状病毒疾病感染监测》（COVID-19）文件，其中包括病例定义。
为便于参考，下面包括病例定义。
可疑病例
A.患有急性呼吸道疾病（发烧和至少一种呼吸系统疾病的症状/体征（如咳嗽、呼吸短促），并且没有其他病因能够完全解释这些临床表现以及症状出现前14天旅居过存在COVID-19疾病传播的国家或地区（请参阅情况报告）。
要么
B. 任何急性呼吸系统疾病的患者，在症状出现前14天内接触过COVID-19确诊病例或可疑病例（见接触定义）；
要么
C.患有严重急性呼吸道感染（发烧且至少有呼吸道疾病的一种征兆/症状（例如咳嗽，呼吸急促）且需要住院治疗且无其他病因可充分说明临床表现的患者。
可能的病例
对COVID-19进行测试的可疑病例尚无定论。
？实验室报告的测试结果不确定
确诊病例
不论临床症状和体征均经实验室确认为COVID-19感染的人。
实验室页面链接：https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus2019/technicalguidance/laboratory-guidance
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CASE DEFINITIONS
WHO periodically updates the Global Surveillance for human infection with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) document which includes case definitions.
For easy reference, case definitions are included below.
Suspect case
A. A patient with acute respiratory illness (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease (e.g., cough, shortness of breath), AND with no other etiology that fully explains the clinical presentation AND a history of travel to or residence in a country/area or territory reporting local transmission (See situation report) of COVID-19 disease during the 14 days prior to symptom onset.
OR
B. A patient with any acute respiratory illness AND having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-
19 case (see definition of contact) in the last 14 days prior to onset of symptoms;
OR
C. A patient with severe acute respiratory infection (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease (e.g., cough, shortness breath) AND requiring hospitalization AND with no other etiology that fully explains the clinical presentation.
Probable case
A suspect case for whom testing for COVID-19 is inconclusive.
？ Inconclusive being the result of the test reported by the laboratory
Confirmed case
A person with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection, irrespective of clinical signs and symptoms.
Link for lab page: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technicalguidance/laboratory-guidance
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图1. 2020年3月10日报告了确诊COVID-19病例的国家，地区或区域
图1.按类型列出的其他健康措施数量
图2.实施其他卫生措施的公共卫生依据的数量和类型
图2.截至报告日期和世卫组织区域截至2020年3月10日在中国境外报告的确诊COVID-19病例的流行曲线（n = 32 778）
表1.根据《国际卫生条例（2005）》第43条，正式报告严重干扰国际交通（即超过24小时延误）的其他卫生措施的缔约国数量（按世卫组织区域划分）
表1.中国各省，地区和城市报告的确诊和疑似COVID-19急性呼吸道疾病病例，截至2020年3月10日的数据
表2.报告了实验室确认的COVID-19病例和死亡的中国以外的国家，地区或地区。 截至2020年3月10日的数据
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Figure 1. Countries, territories or areas with reported confirmed cases of COVID-19, 10 March 2020
Figure 1. Number of additional health measures by type
Figure 2. Number and types of public health rationale for implementing additional health measures
Figure 2. Epidemic curve of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported outside of China (n=32 778), by date of report and WHO region through 10 March 2020
Table 1. Number of States Parties officially reporting additional health measures that significantly interfere with international traffic (i.e. more than 24h delay), under Article 43 of the IHR (2005) (by WHO region)
Table 1. Confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19 acute respiratory disease reported by provinces, regions and cities in China, Data as of 10 March 2020
Table 2. Countries, territories or areas outside China with reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths. Data as of 10 March 2020
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