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强调
在过去的24小时内，有8个新的国家/地区（非洲地区[3]，东地中海地区[1]，美洲地区[3]和西太平洋地区[1]）报告了COVID-19病例。
随着持续不断的COVID-19大流行不断发展，世卫组织致力于与旅行，运输和旅游部门一起开展应急准备和响应工作。有关更多信息，请参见下面的“聚焦主题”部分。
OpenWHO是一个基于Web的交互式知识转移平台，提供免费的在线课程，以提升对突发卫生事件的反应。 COVID-19资源在此处以WHO官方语言提供，在此处以其他国家语言提供。 OpenWHO团队将继续与世卫组织国家办事处，公共卫生机构和教育机构合作，这些机构提供了自愿翻译支持以帮助本地化响应工作。正在准备的资源包括印地语和马其顿语的课程。有关更多信息，请参见“状况报告”的“准备和响应”部分。
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HIGHLIGHTS
8 new countries/territories/areas (African Region [3], Eastern Mediterranean Region [1], Region of the Americas [3], and Western Pacific Region [1]) in have reported cases of COVID-19 in the past 24 hours.
As the on-going COVID-19 pandemic continues to develop, WHO is committed to working together with the travel, transport and tourism sectors on emergency preparedness and response. For more information, please see the Subject in Focus section below.
OpenWHO is an interactive, web-based, knowledge-transfer platform offering free online courses to improve the response to health emergencies. COVID-19 resources are available in the official WHO languages here and in additional national languages here. The OpenWHO team is continuing to work with WHO Country Offices, public health institutes and educational entities who have offered voluntary translation support to help localize the response efforts. Resources in the pipeline include courses in Hindi and Macedonian. For more information, please see the Preparedness and Response section of the Situation Report.
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主题：与国际旅行，运输和旅游业的合作伙伴协调最新情况
随着持续的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行继续发展，世卫组织致力于与旅行，运输和旅游部门在应急准备和响应方面合作。
在国际旅行和运输联系紧密的全球世界中，机场，港口和地面交叉口等入境口岸（PoE）可以通过旅行者，运输工具和货物在疾病的国际传播中发挥关键作用。在与PoE相关的公共卫生应急准备和响应行动中，旅行和运输部门是不可或缺的参与者。
世卫组织发表了三份联合声明，以提醒所有利益攸关方注意遵守《国际卫生条例和指南》，伙伴组织现有条例的重要性以及跨部门合作的必要性。联合声明分别与国际海事组织（IMO），国际民用航空组织（ICAO）和世界旅游组织（UNWTO）发布。
在IMO，ICAO，国际航空运输协会（IATA）和UNWTO以及主要行业协会的投入下，WHO已制定并继续制定有关海上和航空交通及地面通道的综合COVID-19技术指南。这些包括：
？管理COVID-19病例和船上暴发的操作注意事项（临时指南）；
？在COVID-19爆发的背景下，对入境口岸的患病旅客进行管理；
？航空部门的公共卫生准备和应对；
？管理船上COVID-19病例/暴发的操作注意事项；和
？船上公共卫生事件管理手册。
此外，管理航空领域COVID-19病例和暴发，扩大地面交叉口对COVID-19的准备，管理旅馆以及其他旅行和旅游住宿COVID-19病例和暴发，以上指南正在制定中，并即将推出。
世卫组织还定期更新旅行建议以支持紧急情况准备，可在此处获得。国际民航组织还发布了一个专门网站，提供特定资源，并为航空业和国家主管部门提供指南。同样，海事组织和世旅组织也为它们的成员和利益攸关方设立了专门的网站，提供资源和指南。
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SUBJECT IN FOCUS: Update on partner coordination with international travel, transport and tourism sectors
As the on-going Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to develop, WHO is committed to working together with the travel, transport and tourism sectors on emergency preparedness and response.
In a global world with hyperconnected international travel and transport, points of entry (PoEs)– airports, ports and ground crossings – can play a key role in the international spread of diseases through travellers, conveyances and goods. The travel and transport sectors are indispensable actors in public health emergency preparedness and response actions related to PoEs.
WHO has published three joint statements to remind all stakeholders of the importance of following International Health Regulations and guidance, existing regulations of partner organizations, and the need for cross-sector collaboration. The joint statements were released respectively, with the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).
With input from IMO, ICAO, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and UNWTO as well as major industry associations, WHO has produced and continues to develop comprehensive COVID-19 technical guidance on maritime and aviation traffic and ground crossings. These include:
？ Operational considerations for managing COVID-19 cases and outbreaks on board ships (Interim guidance);
？ Management of ill travellers at Points of Entry – international airports, seaports and ground crossings – in the context of COVID-19 outbreak;
？ Public health preparedness and response for aviation sector;
？ Operational considerations for managing COVID-19 cases/outbreak on board ships; and the
？ Handbook for the management of public health events on board ships.
Additionally, guidance on operational considerations for managing COVID-19 cases and outbreak in aviation, scaling up preparedness for COVID-19 at ground crossings, and managing COVID-19 cases and outbreaks in hotels and other travel and tourism accommodations are under development and will be available soon.
WHO also regularly updates travel advice to support emergency preparedness, which is available here. ICAO is also publishing a dedicated website with specific resources, and guidance for airlines industries and national authorities. Similarly, IMO and UNWTO host dedicated websites with resources and guidance for their members and stakeholders.
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战略目标
世卫组织对此作出反应的战略目标是：
？中断人与人之间的传播，包括减少亲密接触者和医护人员之间的继发感染，防止传播扩大事件以及防止进一步的国际传播*；
？尽早识别，隔离和护理患者，包括为感染患者提供最佳护理；
？查明并减少动物来源的传播；
？解决有关临床严重性，传播和感染程度，治疗选择的关键未知问题，并加快诊断，治疗和疫苗的开发；
？向所有社区传达重要的风险和事件信息，并消除错误信息；
？通过多部门伙伴关系最大程度地减少社会和经济影响。
*这可以通过结合公共卫生措施来实现，例如快速识别，诊断和管理病例，识别和跟踪接触者，在医疗机构中预防和控制感染，为旅行者实施健康措施，提高认识-人口增加和风险沟通。
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STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
WHO’s strategic objectives for this response are to:
？ Interrupt human-to-human transmission including reducing secondary infections among close contacts and health care workers, preventing transmission amplification events, and preventing further international spread*;
？ Identify, isolate and care for patients early, including providing optimized care for infected patients;
？ Identify and reduce transmission from the animal source;
？ Address crucial unknowns regarding clinical severity, extent of transmission and infection, treatment options, and accelerate the development of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines;
？ Communicate critical risk and event information to all communities and counter misinformation;
？ Minimize social and economic impact through multisectoral partnerships.
*This can be achieved through a combination of public health measures, such as rapid identification, diagnosis and management of the cases, identification and follow up of the contacts, infection prevention and control in health care settings, implementation of health measures for travelers, awareness-raising in the population and risk communication.
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准备和响应
？要查看有关COVID-19的所有技术指导文件，请访问此网页。
？世卫组织针对新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）爆发，制定了实验室诊断临时指南、在家庭护理和医疗环境中使用口罩的建议、临床管理、医疗环境中的感染预防和控制、疑似新型冠状病毒患者的家庭护理、新型冠状病毒感染的风险沟通、社区参与和全球监测（2019-nCoV）。
？世卫组织正在与国际航空运输协会（IATA）密切合作，并根据国家查询共同制定了一份指导文件，向机务人员和机场工作人员提供建议。该指南可以在IATA网页上找到。
？世卫组织已与报告病例的会员国保持定期和直接联系。世卫组织还向其他国家通报情况，并根据要求提供支持。
？世卫组织正在与其研究人员和其他专家网络合作，以协调有关监测，流行病学，数学建模，诊断和病毒学，临床护理和治疗，感染预防和控制以及风险通报的全球工作。世卫组织已为各国发布了临时指南，并定期更新。
？世卫组织准备了疾病商品包，其中包括照顾2019-nCoV患者所需的生物医学设备，药品和用品的基本清单。
？世卫组织提出了减少从动物传播给人类的风险的建议。
？世卫组织已发布有关新型冠状病毒2019-nCoV爆发的国际贩运最新建议。
？世卫组织已经启动了研发蓝图，以加快诊断，疫苗和治疗的速度。
？OpenWHO是一个基于Web的交互式知识转移平台，提供在线课程以改善对突发卫生事件的反应。可以在此处找到COVID-19课程。具体而言，世卫组织开发了有关以下主题的在线课程：对新兴呼吸道病毒的概述，包括新型冠状病毒（阿拉伯文，中文，英文，法文，俄文，西班牙文，葡萄牙文，波斯文，塞尔维亚文和土耳其文）；严重急性呼吸道感染的临床护理（英语，法语，俄语和越南语）；呼吸系统疾病的健康和安全简介-ePROTECT（英语，法语，俄语，印尼语和葡萄牙语）；新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）的感染预防和控制（英语，法语，俄语，西班牙语，印尼语，意大利语，日语，葡萄牙语和塞尔维亚语）；以及COVID-19运作计划指南和COVID-19合作伙伴平台来支持国家的准备和响应（提供英语版本，不久还将以其他语言发布）。
？世卫组织正在为早期调查提供指导，这对于新病毒爆发应对至关重要。从协议中收集的数据可用于完善监测和病例定义的建议，表征COVID-19的主要流行病学传播特征，帮助了解疾病的传播，严重程度，疾病范围，对社区的影响并为以下人群提供操作模型实施对策，例如病例隔离，接触者跟踪和隔离。这里有几种协议。其中一个这样的协议用于调查早期的COVID-19病例和接触者（“ 2019新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）感染的“最初几例X（FFX）病例和接触者调查协议”）。该协议旨在早日了解在任何一个国家中发现的首例COVID-19感染病例的关键临床，流行病学和病毒学特征，以指导制定和更新公共卫生指南以管理病例并减少潜在危害传播和感染的影响。
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PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
？ To view all technical guidance documents regarding COVID-19, please go to this webpage.
？ WHO has developed interim guidance for laboratory diagnosis, advice on the use of masks during home care and in health care settings in the context of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, clinical management, infection prevention and control in health care settings, home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus, risk communication and community engagement and Global Surveillance for human infection with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
？ WHO is working closely with International Air Transport Association (IATA) and have jointly developed a guidance document to provide advice to cabin crew and airport workers, based on country queries. The guidance can be found on the IATA webpage.
？ WHO has been in regular and direct contact with Member States where cases have been reported. WHO is also informing other countries about the situation and providing support as requested.
？ WHO is working with its networks of researchers and other experts to coordinate global work on surveillance, epidemiology, mathematical modelling, diagnostics and virology, clinical care and treatment, infection prevention and control, and risk communication. WHO has issued interim guidance for countries, which are updated regularly.
？ WHO has prepared a disease commodity package that includes an essential list of biomedical equipment, medicines and supplies necessary to care for patients with 2019-nCoV.
？ WHO has provided recommendations to reduce risk of transmission from animals to humans.
？ WHO has published an updated advice for international traffic in relation to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV.
？ WHO has activated the R&D blueprint to accelerate diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics.
？ OpenWHO is an interactive, web-based, knowledge-transfer platform offering online courses to improve the response to health emergencies. COVID-19 courses can be found here. Specifically, WHO has developed online courses on the following topics: A general introduction to emerging respiratory viruses, including novel coronaviruses (available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish, Portuguese, Persian, Serbian, and Turkish); Clinical Care for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (available in English, French, Russian, and
Vietnamese); Health and safety briefing for respiratory diseases - ePROTECT (available in English, French,
Russian, Indonesian, and Portuguese); Infection Prevention and Control for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)
(available in English, French, Russian, Spanish, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, and Serbian); and COVID-19 Operational Planning Guidelines and COVID-19 Partners Platform to support country preparedness and response (available in English and coming soon in additional languages).
？ WHO is providing guidance on early investigations, which are critical in an outbreak of a new virus. The data collected from the protocols can be used to refine recommendations for surveillance and case definitions, to characterize the key epidemiological transmission features of COVID-19, help understand spread, severity, spectrum of disease, impact on the community and to inform operational models for implementation of countermeasures such as case isolation, contact tracing and isolation. Several protocols are available here. One such protocol is for the investigation of early COVID-19 cases and contacts (the “First Few X (FFX) Cases and contact investigation protocol for 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection”). The protocol is designed to gain an early understanding of the key clinical, epidemiological and virological characteristics of the first cases of COVID-19 infection detected in any individual country, to inform the development and updating of public health guidance to manage cases and reduce the potential spread and impact of infection.
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对公众的建议
如果您不在COVID-19扩散的区域，或者没有从COVID-19扩散的区域旅行，或者未与受感染的患者接触，则感染的风险较低。您可能会对爆发感到焦虑，这是可以理解的。从可靠来源获取事实，以帮助您准确确定风险，以便采取合理的预防措施（请参阅常见问题）。向WHO，您的医疗保健提供者，您的国家公共卫生机构或您的雇主寻求指导，以获取有关COVID-19以及COVID-19是否在您居住的地方流通的准确信息。重要的是要了解情况并采取适当措施保护自己和家人（请参阅针对所有人的保护措施）。
如果您所在的地区有COVID-19病例，则需要认真对待感染的风险。遵循世界卫生组织的建议以及国家和地方卫生当局发布的指导。对于大多数人来说，COVID-19感染会引起轻度疾病，但它可能使某些人病重，甚至在某些人中可能致命。老年人和患有先前疾病（例如心血管疾病，慢性呼吸道疾病或糖尿病）的人有患严重疾病的风险（请参阅针对在或最近（过去14天）到COVID区域的人的保护措施-19正在传播）。
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RECOMMENDATIONS AND ADVICE FOR THE PUBLIC
If you are not in an area where COVID-19 is spreading, or have not travelled from an area where COVID-19 is spreading, or have not been in contact with an infected patient, your risk of infection is low. It is understandable that you may feel anxious about the outbreak. Get the facts from reliable sources to help you accurately determine your risks so that you can take reasonable precautions (See Frequently Asked Questions). Seek guidance from WHO, your healthcare provider, your national public health authority or your employer for accurate information on COVID-19 and whether COVID-19 is circulating where you live. It is important to be informed of the situation and take appropriate measures to protect yourself and your family (see Protection measures for everyone).
If you are in an area where there are cases of COVID-19 you need to take the risk of infection seriously. Follow the advice of WHO and guidance issued by national and local health authorities. For most people, COVID-19 infection will cause mild illness however, it can make some people very ill and, in some people, it can be fatal. Older people, and those with pre-existing medical conditions (such as cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease or diabetes) are at risk for severe disease (See Protection measures for persons who are in or have recently visited (past 14 days) areas where COVID-19 is spreading).
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病例定义
世卫组织定期更新《全球冠状病毒疾病感染监测》（COVID-19）文件，其中包括病例定义。
为便于参考，下面包括病例定义。
可疑病例
A.患有急性呼吸道疾病（发烧和至少一种呼吸系统疾病的症状/体征（如咳嗽、呼吸短促），并且没有其他病因能够完全解释这些临床表现以及症状出现前14天旅居过存在COVID-19疾病传播的国家或地区（请参阅情况报告）。
要么
B. 任何急性呼吸系统疾病的患者，在症状出现前14天内接触过COVID-19确诊病例或可疑病例（见接触定义）；
要么
C.患有严重急性呼吸道感染（发烧且至少有呼吸道疾病的一种征兆/症状（例如咳嗽，呼吸急促）且需要住院治疗且无其他病因可充分说明临床表现的患者。
可能的病例
对COVID-19进行测试的可疑病例尚无定论。
？实验室报告的测试结果不确定
确诊病例
不论临床症状和体征均经实验室确认为COVID-19感染的人。
实验室页面链接：https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus2019/technicalguidance/laboratory-guidance
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CASE DEFINITIONS
WHO periodically updates the Global Surveillance for human infection with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) document which includes case definitions.
For easy reference, case definitions are included below.
Suspect case
A. A patient with acute respiratory illness (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease (e.g., cough, shortness of breath), AND with no other etiology that fully explains the clinical presentation AND a history of travel to or residence in a country/area or territory reporting local transmission (See situation report) of COVID-19 disease during the 14 days prior to symptom onset.
OR
B. A patient with any acute respiratory illness AND having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-
19 case (see definition of contact) in the last 14 days prior to onset of symptoms;
OR
C. A patient with severe acute respiratory infection (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease (e.g., cough, shortness breath) AND requiring hospitalization AND with no other etiology that fully explains the clinical presentation.
Probable case
A suspect case for whom testing for COVID-19 is inconclusive.
？ Inconclusive being the result of the test reported by the laboratory
Confirmed case
A person with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection, irrespective of clinical signs and symptoms.
Link for lab page: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technicalguidance/laboratory-guidance
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